Unary operators are those operators that act upon a single operand to produce a new value. Unary operators we have
- ++ (Post Increment). The operator follows the operand (e.g., a++). The value operand will be altered after it is used.
- — (Pre Increment). The operator precedes the operand (e.g., – -a). The value of operand will be altered before it is used.
- + Unary plus operator; indicates positive value
- – Unary minus operator; negates an expression. The minus operator changes the sign of its argument. A positive number becomes negative, and a negative number becomes positive.
- ! Logical complement operator; inverts the value of a boolean. It is used to reverse the logical state of its operand. If a condition is true, then Logical NOT operator will make it false.
Example 1:
int i = 10;
int j = i++ + i++ ;
SOP(i); 12
SOP(j); 21
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Example 2:
int i = 10;
int j = i++ ;
SOP(i); 11
SOP(j); 10
Example 3:
int i = 10;
int j = ++i + ++i ;
SOP(i); 12
SOP(j); 23
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Example 4:
int i = 10;
int j = ++i + ++i + ++i + i;
SOP(i);13
SOP(j);49
Example 5:
int i = 10;
int j = ++i + i++;
SOP(i); 12
SOP(j); 21
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Example 6:
int i = 10;
int j = i++ + ++i + i++ + ++i;
SOP(i); 14
SOP(j); //
Example 7:
int i = 10;
int j = i-- + i --;
SOP(i); 8
SOP(j); 19
Example 8:
int i = 10;
int j = --i + i-- ;
SOP(i); 8
SOP(j); 18
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Example 9:
int i = 10;
int j = i++ + i-- + --i + ++i;
SOP(i); 10
SOP(j); 40
Example 10:
int i = 10;
int j = i++ + -++i + -i++;
SOP(i); 13
SOP(j); -14
Example 11:
int i = 10;
int j = -++i - ---i + i++ - -++i;
SOP(i);
SOP(j);
The above program will give us an error, because in unary operator concept you can never use — / +++ together
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Example 12:
int i = 10;
int j = -++i + -i-- + i++ - -++i;
System.out.println(i);
System.out.println(j);
Output:
12
0
Example 13:
int i = 10;
SOP(i++); 10++ //10
SOP(i--); 11-- //11
SOP(++i); ++10 //11
OP(--i); --11 //10
SOP(i); 10
C++ program for mixture of prefix(–) and postfix(++) operations:
// C++ program to demonstrate working of unary increment and decrement operators
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
int main()
{
// Post increment
int a = 1;
cout << "a value: " << a << endl;
int b = a++;
cout << "b value after a++ : " << b << endl;
cout << "a value after a++ : " << a << endl;
// Pre increment
a = 1;
cout << "a value:" << a << endl;
b = ++a;
cout << "b value after ++a : " << b << endl;
cout << "a value after ++a : "<< a << endl;
// Post decrement
a = 5;
cout << "a value before decrement: " << a << endl;
b = a--;
cout << "b value after a-- : " << b << endl;
cout << "a value after a-- : " << a << endl;
// Pre decrement
a = 5;
cout << "a value: "<< a<<endl;
b = --a;
cout << "b value after --a : " << b << endl;
cout << "a value after --a : " << a << endl;
return 0;
}
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Output:
a value: 1
b value after a++ : 1
a value after a++ : 2
a value:1
b value after ++a : 2
a value after ++a : 2
a value before decrement: 5
b value after a-- : 5
a value after a-- : 4
a value: 5
b value after --a : 4
a value after --a : 4